Technical articles

Writing

A final reward sending selective credit backward to useful actions in a multi-step episode
Published

Which Action Deserved the Reward? Exploring Credit Assignment in Reinforcement Learning

An experiment-by-experiment study of whether action-level feedback can improve reinforcement learning for language models.

AI research18 min
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A broad field of token signals passing through a narrow matrix into a compact hidden representation
Published

Does the LM Head Create a Harmful Gradient Bottleneck? A Causal Test

A response to the LM-head bottleneck claim using backward-only rank controls, repeated-token exposure tests, and small language models.

AI research21 min
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Published

Morphology-Aware Reversible Semantic Tokenization and Hierarchical Word Composition for Tamil Language Models

A technical study of reversible Tamil semantic tokenization, hierarchical word composition, and a controlled six-system translation comparison.

Language technology55 min
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Tamil letter ழ beside an ascending statistical bar chart
Published

A Quantitative Overview of Modern Tamil Lexicon and Morphology

How fewer than 140,000 root lemmas and inflectional rules generate more than 2.13 billion distinct Tamil written forms.

Tamil language18 min
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Numbers, UUIDs, dates and codes passing through entity references to exact outputs
Published

Treating Numbers, UUIDs, Dates and Codes as Entities in Language Models: What Worked and What Failed

Experiments with entity registers and typed references for exact values—and why choosing the right entity remained hard.

AI research23 min
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A solar eclipse with an amber corona and diamond-ring flare
Published

Duality, Cause & Effect and Word & Form

An ontological exploration of duality and the fundamental relation between Word and Form.

Philosophy5 min
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A pink lotus floating among green lily pads
Published

சூனியதம்

பௌத்த தத்துவத்தின் மையக் கருத்து

தத்துவம்5 min
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